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Lodelaner

Member Since: 04 Feb 2010
Location: Lambourn
Posts: 633

1988 Defender 90 V8 Petrol ST Shire Blue

Hmmm. Being honest it all looks a bit overthought, based on assumptions and dodgy numbers.

Just some thumbnails: Combustion temps are around 2000 dC. EGT temp is around 700dC. Air rapidly compressed by .7 bar would reach less than 100dC, 21bar would be a 400 dC ish.

Is it thermal load that causes cracking, or is it the v shape that causes a crack to form in a weak spot due to combustion percussion? I have no idea!!

These engines (in later form) last pretty well if not thrashed and serviced properly. JB

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24th Jan 2021 12:06am

Dinnu

Member Since: 24 Dec 2019
Location: Lija
Posts: 3437

2012 Defender 90 Puma 2.2 CSW Santorini Black

Hi Darren, indeed the calculations show a temperature increase that is well over the melting point of steel and aluminum (pistons). But as I remarked, these are theoretical numbers (isentropic compression) without thermal losses. In practice, as the air is being compressed by the pistons, there are heat losses to the pistons, cylinder bore and cylinder head as the compression takes time (however short it is). Then during the power stroke air is expanding, so it is cooling, although then heat is added by the fuel. Also to note that the calculation is at top dead center, so highest temperature is for very short moment.
As Jonathan said, the temperatures in real life are a lot less than the calculated values, due to the heat losses.
Indeed the later engines seem to cope better. The problem is that I cannot find what in the head is different between my earlier head and the later head that I acquired. I am not very sure what caused the original head to crack, but I believe it is caused by thermal stress. I think I have treated my engine very well in my ownership, regular oil changes every 5k miles, and the occasional coolant change too. I do not know however how it was treated in its first 6 years of life.
But could have been dodgy injections, poor fuel quality, and I think a lot of oil leaking from the valve stems. 1988 90 Hard Top, 19J Diesel Turbo, Shire Blue - Restoration ongoing
2012 90 CSW, 2.2TDCI, Santorini Black

24th Jan 2021 7:47am

Dinnu

Member Since: 24 Dec 2019
Location: Lija
Posts: 3437

Was looking over the cylinder head, as still waiting for the parts.
Noted difference in the hot plug design, worth mentioning.
Left is old head, right is new head.

Click image to enlarge

The difference in hot plug design can be seen in the deformation of the head.
Old head:

Click image to enlarge

New head (although on the new head I have already ran a stone to clean it up a bit).

Click image to enlarge 1988 90 Hard Top, 19J Diesel Turbo, Shire Blue - Restoration ongoing
2012 90 CSW, 2.2TDCI, Santorini Black

8th Mar 2021 7:23pm

Dinnu

Member Since: 24 Dec 2019
Location: Lija
Posts: 3437

Have a question on the detail of the heat / swirl plugs as per my first picture in my last post.

That picture shows that the heat plugs have some material removed from the external side of the heat plug, rite on the side where the injector is firing.

I have ordered new aftermarket heatplugs, because the genuine ones are quite expensive, but these aftermarket ones, are just plain round, no material has been removed from the mentioned area.

Any one know why Landrover (or British Leyland) removed material there? My first assumption is to reduce heat transfer from the heat plug to the cylinder head. Is that correct? I am thinking that I should replicate that design on these aftermarket heat plugs, to be on the safe side. What you guys think? 1988 90 Hard Top, 19J Diesel Turbo, Shire Blue - Restoration ongoing
2012 90 CSW, 2.2TDCI, Santorini Black

16th Mar 2021 7:03pm

Dinnu

Member Since: 24 Dec 2019
Location: Lija
Posts: 3437

Have been a bit idle.. but here is a short update on the above Hot /swirl / whatever plugs they are called.
As I have mentioned earlier, the aftermarket plugs are plain round. The original ones I removed from 2 different engines are of different design, but both have material removed from them, which I assume is for cooling or less heat transfer to the head.. not sure about the exact reason. So I thought I will go about and modify the aftermarket plugs to be closer to the later design original plugs.

Top view is not so clear, but I shaved 0.60mm close to the nozzle. I put the original plug next to the modified aftermarket one. I am sure readers can make up which is which.

Click image to enlarge

Click image to enlarge 1988 90 Hard Top, 19J Diesel Turbo, Shire Blue - Restoration ongoing
2012 90 CSW, 2.2TDCI, Santorini Black

19th Aug 2021 3:53pm

QuintinC

Member Since: 06 Apr 2019
Location: Knysna
Posts: 28

Hi Dinnu/Anyone

I see your post is 4 years old so I hope you are still here. The serial number of my 19J is
19J209390.
It has the oil breather feeding into the back of the rocker cover.
The car is supposedly 1989, but I would not base my assumption of the engine variant on that, could have sat in a showroom for a year.

I read somewhere that the "improved" 19J motors started after serial number 19J27515C

What do you think? Is it an "improved" engine or the older one?

Many thanks,
Q

28th Dec 2024 3:35pm

Dinnu

Member Since: 24 Dec 2019
Location: Lija
Posts: 3437

Still kicking about, although not yet finished my project. Have not realized how fast time flies.

As per my research and first post, The changes apparently where roughly from engine number 19J15xxxx. If I am correct, then you have the revised engine. 1988 90 Hard Top, 19J Diesel Turbo, Shire Blue - Restoration ongoing
2012 90 CSW, 2.2TDCI, Santorini Black

28th Dec 2024 6:14pm

QuintinC

Member Since: 06 Apr 2019
Location: Knysna
Posts: 28

Improved Diesel Turbo engines

Thanks Dinnu and glad to see you are still here - with your project still ongoing. Time (and money) flies when you are doing a project like this. I thought mine would be done in 6 months, but it took over two years - which is still pretty quick. The engine only has about 76,000 original

Click image to enlarge
km (47,224 miles) on it, which probably makes it one of the lowest mileage 19J diesel turbo engines in the world. The vehicle is featured in the June 2024 Classic Land Rover Magazine.

Click image to enlarge

29th Dec 2024 1:35am

Dinnu

Member Since: 24 Dec 2019
Location: Lija
Posts: 3437

Love a 110 pickup

Thats incredibly low milage. My old engine was at 128k miles, and was still running, albeit breathing heavily, but no smoke out of the exhaust. I kept the old engine, incase I want to have all matching numbers again in the future.

I have some more pictures in my build thread, page 15 where it started on the engine.
https://www.defender2.net/forum/topic72365-210.html 1988 90 Hard Top, 19J Diesel Turbo, Shire Blue - Restoration ongoing
2012 90 CSW, 2.2TDCI, Santorini Black

29th Dec 2024 9:11am

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